Description of the active substance:
This information is a reference and it is not enough that the drug has been prescribed by a doctor ..
PHARMACHOLOGIC EFFECT
Beta-adrenomimetic with predominant effect on? 2- adrenoreceptors (localized, in particular, in the bronchi, myometrium, blood vessels). Warns and cures bronchospasm; reduces resistance in the airways, increases the vital capacity of the lungs. Prevents the release of histamine, a slowly reacting substance from mast cells and neutrophil chemotaxis factors. Compared with other drugs in this group has a less pronounced positive chrono-inotropic effect on the myocardium. Causes the expansion of the coronary arteries, practically does not reduce blood pressure. It has a tocolytic effect, decreasing the tone and contractile activity of the myometrium.
PHARMACOKINETICS
When using aerosol, there is a rapid absorption of salbutamol into the blood; but its concentration in blood plasma when used in recommended doses is very low or does not reach the detection limit.
After ingestion salbutamol is well absorbed from the digestive tract. Binding to plasma proteins is 10%. Metabolized when "first passed" through the liver and, possibly, in the wall of the intestine; the main metabolite is the inactive sulfate conjugate. Salbutamol is not metabolized in the lungs, so its final metabolism and excretion after inhalation depends on the mode of application that determines the ratio between inhaled and unintentionally ingested salbutamol.
T 1/2 from the blood plasma is 2-7 hours. Salbutamol is quickly excreted in the urine as metabolites and unchanged substance; in small amounts is excreted with feces.
INDICATIONS
Prevention and relief of bronchospasm in all forms of bronchial asthma. Reversible airway obstruction in chronic bronchitis and emphysema, bronchial obstructive syndrome in children.
Threatening premature birth with contractile activity of the uterus; childbirth until 37-38 weeks of pregnancy; ischemic-cervical insufficiency, a decrease in the fetal heart rate, depending on the contractions of the uterus during periods of cervical dilatation and expulsion. In prophylactic purposes for operations on the pregnant uterus (overlapping of the circular seam in the absence of the internal throat of the uterus).
DOSING MODE
Inside as a bronchodilator for adults and children over 12 years - 2-4 mg 3-4 times / day, if necessary, the dose can be increased to 8 mg 4 times / day. Children aged 6-12 years - 2 mg 3-4 times / day; children 2-6 years - 1-2 mg 3 times / day.
When inhaled, the dose depends on the dosage form used, the frequency of use depends on the indications and the clinical situation.
As a tocolytic agent injected intravenously drip in a dose of 1-2 mg.
SIDE EFFECT
From the cardiovascular system: transient expansion of peripheral vessels, moderate tachycardia.
From the side of the central nervous system: headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting.
From the side of metabolism: hypokalemia.
Allergic reactions: in isolated cases - angioedema, allergic reactions in the form of skin rashes, urticaria, arterial hypotension, collapse.
Other: tremor of hands, internal trembling, tension; rarely - a paradoxical bronchospasm, muscle cramps.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Threat of miscarriage in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, premature placental abruption, bleeding or toxicosis in the III trimester of pregnancy; children under 2 years; increased sensitivity to salbutamol.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
Salbutamol is contraindicated in the threat of miscarriage in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, premature placental abruption, bleeding or toxicosis in the third trimester of pregnancy.
If it is necessary to use salbutamol during pregnancy, the expected benefit of treatment for the mother and the potential risk to the fetus should be correlated. At present, there is insufficient data on the safety of salbutamol in early pregnancy. Salbutamol is excreted in breast milk, so if you need to use during lactation, you should also evaluate the expected benefit of treatment for the mother and the possible risk to the child.
APPLICATION FOR CHILDREN
Contraindicated in children under 2 years.
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
With caution apply for tachyarrhythmias and other violations of heart rhythm, arterial hypertension, myocarditis, heart defects, aortic stenosis, diabetes, thyrotoxicosis, glaucoma, acute heart failure (subject to careful monitoring by the doctor).
Increase the dose or frequency of salbutamol should be controlled by a doctor. The reduction of the interval is possible only in exceptional cases and must be strictly justified.
With the use of salbutamol, there is a risk of developing hypokalemia, therefore, in the treatment period in patients with severe bronchial asthma, the level of potassium in the blood should be monitored. The risk of hypokalemia increases with hypoxia.
DRUG INTERACTION
With the simultaneous use of salbutamol with non-cardioselective beta-blockers, mutual suppression of therapeutic effects is possible; with theophylline - increases the risk of developing tachycardia and arrhythmia, in particular supraventricular extrasystole.
With the simultaneous use of salbutamol and xanthine derivatives, GCS or diuretics, the risk of hypokalemia increases.
