Description of the active substance:
This information is a reference and it is not enough that the drug has been prescribed by a doctor ..
PHARMACHOLOGIC EFFECT
Cephalosporin antibiotic of the first generation of a wide spectrum of action. Has a bactericidal effect.
It is active against gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp. (strains producing and not producing penicillinase), Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pneumoniae), Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Gram-negative bacteria: Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli.
Inactive with respect to Haemophilus influenzae, Proteus spp. (indole-positive strains), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, anaerobic microorganisms.
PHARMACOKINETICS
After oral administration, it is well absorbed from the digestive tract. Absorption is 90%. Cephalexin is acid-fast, food intake slows down absorption, but does not affect its completeness. Bioavailability is 95%.
C max is achieved after 1-2 hours. After ingestion of 250 mg, 500 mg, 1 g of C max is 9, 18, and 32 Ојg / ml, respectively. It is distributed relatively evenly in various tissues and body fluids: lungs, bronchial mucosa, liver, heart, kidneys. It does not penetrate the BBB, penetrates the placental barrier, and is released in small amounts with breast milk.
V d - 0.26 l / kg. Binding to plasma proteins - 5-15%.
T 1/2 - 0.9-1.5 hours. 90% is excreted by the kidneys in unchanged form (2/3 - by glomerular filtration, 1/3 - by tubular secretion); with bile - 0.5%. The total clearance is 380 ml / min, the renal clearance is 210 ml / min. C max in the urine after ingestion 250 mg, 500 mg, 1 g respectively - 1000, 2200, 5000 Ојg / ml. If there is a violation of kidney function, the concentration in the blood increases, and the elimination time is prolonged. T 1/2 - 20-40 h.
INDICATIONS
Infectious-inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to cephalexin, incl. diseases of the upper and lower divisions of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin and soft tissues; otitis media, osteomyelitis, endometritis, gonorrhea.
DOSING MODE
Established individually, taking into account the severity of the course and localization of infection, the sensitivity of the pathogen. If administered orally, the average dose for adults is 250-500 mg every 6-12 hours. If necessary, the daily dose is increased to 4-6 g. The duration of the course of treatment is 7-14 days. In children with a body weight of less than 40 kg, the average daily dose is 25-50 mg / kg, the frequency of administration is 4 times / day. In severe infections, the daily dose can be increased to 100 mg / kg, and the frequency of admission - up to 6 times / day. For infections caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, the minimum duration of treatment is 10 days.
SIDE EFFECT
From the side of the central nervous system: weakness, agitation, hallucinations, convulsions, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, in isolated cases - hallucinations.
From the side of the urinary system: interstitial nephritis.
On the part of the reproductive system: vaginitis, discharge from the vagina, candidomycosis of the genital organs.
On the part of the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, loss of appetite, diarrhea, abdominal pain, indigestion, intestinal candidiasis, oral cavity; rarely - pseudomembranous enterocolitis; in isolated cases - cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis.
From the hemopoietic system: in isolated cases - changes in the pattern of peripheral blood (reversible leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia).
On the part of laboratory indicators: an increase in the activity of hepatic transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, an increase in prothrombin time.
Allergic reactions: urticaria, erythema, malignant exudative erythema (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome), anaphylaxis, arthritis, eosinophilia, genital and anal itching, skin rash, itching, dermatitis, eosinophilia; rarely - Quincke's edema, arthralgia.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
Application in pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding) is possible only in cases where the intended use for the mother exceeds the potential risk to the fetus or child.
APPLICATION FOR FUNCTIONS OF THE LIVER
Use with caution in renal failure.
APPLICATION FOR CHILDREN
Use with caution in children under 6 months of age.
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
With caution apply for renal failure, pseudomembranous colitis in the anamnesis.
In patients with hypersensitivity to penicillins, allergic reactions to cephalosporin antibiotics are possible.
During the treatment, a positive direct Coombs reaction is possible, as well as a false positive urine reaction to glucose.
During therapy, do not consume alcohol.
Use with caution in children under 6 months of age.
DRUG INTERACTION
With the simultaneous use of cephalexin enhances the effect of indirect anticoagulants.
With the simultaneous use of cephalexin enhances the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides, polymyxins, phenylbutazone, furosemide.
Salicylates and indomethacin slow the excretion of cephalexin.
