Description of the active substance:
This information is a reference and it is not enough that the drug has been prescribed by a doctor ..
PHARMACHOLOGIC EFFECT
Cephalosporin antibiotic III generation of a broad spectrum of action. Has a bactericidal effect by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. The mechanism of action is due to the acetylation of membrane-bound transpeptidases and the cross-linking of peptidoglycans, which is necessary to ensure the strength and rigidity of the cell wall.
Highly active against Gram-negative bacteria (resistant to other antibiotics): Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis, Providencia spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., Some strains of Pseudomonas spp., Haemophilus influenzae.
Less active against Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pneumoniae), Staphylococcus spp., Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Bacteroides spp.
Resistant to the action of most ОІ-lactamases.
PHARMACOKINETICS
Quickly absorbed from the injection site. The binding with plasma proteins is 40%. Widely distributed in tissues and body fluids. Achieves therapeutic concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid, especially with meningitis. Penetrates through the placental barrier, excreted in breast milk in low concentrations. Partially metabolized in the liver. 40-60% of the dose is excreted unchanged in 24 hours, 20% in the form of metabolites.
INDICATIONS
Infectious-inflammatory diseases of severe course caused by microorganisms sensitive to cefotaxime, incl. peritonitis, sepsis, abdominal and pelvic infections, lower respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, bone and joint infections, skin and soft tissue, infected wounds and burns, gonorrhea, meningitis, Lyme disease.
Prevention of infections after surgery.
DOSING MODE
Adults and children with a body weight of more than 50 kg - 1-2 g every 4-12 hours IM or IV (jet or drip). Children with body weight less than 50 kg - 50-180 mg / kg / day; the frequency of administration is 2-6 times.
Maximum doses: for adults - 12 g / day, for children with body weight less than 50 kg - 180 mg / kg / day.
SIDE EFFECT
On the part of the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, transient increase in hepatic transaminase activity, cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis, pseudomembranous colitis.
Allergic reactions: skin rash, itching, eosinophilia; rarely - angioedema.
From the hemopoietic system: with prolonged use in high doses, changes in the pattern of peripheral blood (leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia) are possible.
From the side of the blood coagulation system: hypoprothrombinemia.
From the side of the urinary system: interstitial nephritis.
Effects caused by chemotherapeutic action: Candidiasis.
Local reactions: phlebitis (with iv introduction), soreness at the injection site (with an / m introduction).
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Hypersensitivity to cefotaxime and other cephalosporins.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
The use of cefotaxime in the first trimester of pregnancy is not recommended.
Application in the II and III trimesters of pregnancy and lactation is possible only in cases where the intended benefit to the mother exceeds the potential risk to the fetus or infant.
It should be borne in mind that after intravenous administration of cefotaxime at a dose of 1 g in 2-3 hours the maximum concentration of the active substance in breast milk averages 0.32 В± 0.09 Ојg / ml. With such concentration, a negative effect on the oropharyngeal flora of the child is possible.
In experimental animal studies, teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of cefotaxime were not detected.
APPLICATION FOR FUNCTIONS OF THE LIVER
With caution apply cefotaxime for violations of kidney function.
APPLICATION FOR CHILDREN
With caution apply cefotaxime in newborns.
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
Caution is applied to cefotaxime in cases of violations of kidney function, indications for colitis in the history, as well as in newborns.
In patients with hypersensitivity to penicillins, allergic reactions to cephalosporin antibiotics are possible.
During the treatment, a positive direct Coombs reaction and a false positive urine reaction to glucose are possible.
It should be used with caution at the same time as "loop" diuretics.
DRUG INTERACTION
Cefotaxime, suppressing the intestinal flora, interferes with the synthesis of vitamin K. Therefore, when used with drugs that reduce platelet aggregation (NSAIDs, salicylates, sulfinpyrazone), the risk of bleeding increases. For the same reason, with simultaneous use with anticoagulants, there is an increase in anticoagulant activity.
With simultaneous use with aminoglycosides, polymyxin B and "loop" diuretics, the risk of kidney damage increases.
With simultaneous use with drugs that reduce tubular secretion, increases the concentration of cefotaxime in the blood plasma.
Probenecid slows the excretion of cefotaxime by reducing the tubular secretion of the latter.
