Description of the active substance:
This information is a reference and it is not enough that the drug has been prescribed by a doctor ..
PHARMACHOLOGIC EFFECT
Cephalosporin antibiotic of the first generation of a wide spectrum of action. Has a bactericidal effect.
It is active against gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp. (strains producing and not producing penicillinase), Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pneumoniae), Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Bacillus anthracis; Gram-negative bacteria: Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp.
It is also active against Spirochaetoceae, Leptospira spp.
Inactive against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, indole-positive strains of Proteus spp., Mycobacterium tuberculosis, anaerobic bacteria.
PHARMACOKINETICS
Cefazolin is poorly absorbed from the digestive tract and therefore used in / m or / in. After the / m introduction in a dose of 500 mg C max in the plasma is achieved after 1-2 hours is 30 Ојg / ml.
Binding to plasma proteins is about 85%.
Cefazolin penetrates into bone tissue, into ascitic fluid, pleural and synovial fluid, but not detected in the central nervous system.
T 1/2 of cefazolin from the plasma is about 1.8 h.
Cefazolin is excreted in the urine unchanged, mainly by glomerular filtration and to a small extent - by tubular secretion. After the / m introduction, at least 80% of the dose after IM is withdrawn after 24 hours. After the / m administration at doses of 500 mg and 1 g of C max in the urine is 1 mg / ml and 4 mg / ml, respectively .
There is evidence of a high concentration of cefazolin in bile, although it is excreted in this way in a small amount.
T 1/2 of plasma is increased in patients with impaired renal function.
INDICATIONS
Infectious-inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to cefazolinum, incl. diseases of the upper and lower divisions of the respiratory tract, urinary and bile ducts, pelvic organs, skin and soft tissues, bones and joints, endocarditis, sepsis, peritonitis, otitis media, osteomyelitis, mastitis, wound, burn and postoperative infections, syphilis, gonorrhea.
DOSING MODE
Established individually, taking into account the severity of the course and localization of infection, the sensitivity of the pathogen.
Enter in / m or in / in (struyno or drip). The average daily intake for adults is 1 g, the frequency of administration is 2-4 times / day.
For the prevention of postoperative infection, administer 1 g 30 minutes before the operation, 0.5-1 g during the operation and 0.5-1 g every 6-8 h within 24 hours after the operation.
The maximum dose: 6 g / day.
For children, the average daily dose is 20-40 mg / kg; In severe infections, the dose can be increased to 100 mg / kg / day. The duration of treatment is 7-10 days.
SIDE EFFECT
On the part of the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea are possible; rarely - a transient increase in hepatic transaminase activity.
Allergic reactions: hives are possible, itchy skin, eosinophilia, fever; in isolated cases - angioedema, arthralgia, anaphylactic shock.
Effects due to chemotherapeutic action: Candidiasis, pseudomembranous colitis.
From the hemopoietic system: rarely - reversible leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia.
From the urinary system: rarely - a violation of kidney function.
Local reactions: pain in the injection site is possible.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Children up to 1 month of age, hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
Penetrates through the placental barrier.
Low concentrations of cefazolin are found in breast milk.
The use in pregnancy and lactation is justified only when the expected benefit for the mother exceeds the potential risk to the fetus or child.
APPLICATION FOR FUNCTIONS OF THE LIVER
Use with caution for violations of kidney function.
APPLICATION FOR CHILDREN
Contraindicated in childhood up to 1 month.
Use in children older than 1 month is possible according to the dosing regimen.
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
Use with caution for violations of kidney function.
In patients with hypersensitivity to penicillins, allergic reactions to cephalosporin antibiotics are possible.
During treatment, a false positive urine reaction to sugar is possible.
Cefazolin is excreted by hemodialysis.
DRUG INTERACTION
With simultaneous use with "loop" diuretics, a blockade of tubular secretion of cefazolin occurs (this combination is not recommended).
Cefazolin can cause disulfiram-like reactions when used simultaneously with ethanol.
Probenecid disrupts the excretion of cefazolin.
