Universal reference book for medicines
Name of the preparation: PIOGLIT

Active substance: pioglitazone

Type: Oral hypoglycemic drug

Manufacturer: Sun Pharmaceutical Industries (India)
Composition, form of production and packaging
Tablets of
white color, flat, round, with a facet, with a risk on one side and engraving "SUN" - on the other.

1 tab.

pioglitazone hydrochloride 16.54 mg,

which corresponds to the content of pioglitazone 15 mg

Excipients: lactose, starch, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 2910 (metocel E5) (hypromelose), talc purified, magnesium stearate, colloidal silicon dioxide, sodium croscarmellose.

10 pieces.
- Strips of aluminum foil (3) - packs of cardboard.
Tablets of white color, flat, round, with a facet, with a risk on one side and engraving "SUN" - on the other.

1 tab.

pioglitazone hydrochloride 33.08 mg,

which corresponds to the content of pioglitazone 30 mg

Excipients: lactose, starch, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 2910 (metocel E5) (hypromelose), talc purified, magnesium stearate, colloidal silicon dioxide, sodium croscarmellose.

10 pieces.
- Strips of aluminum foil (3) - packs of cardboard.
INSTRUCTION FOR THE SPECIALIST.

Description of the drug approved by the manufacturer for the printed edition of 2010.

PHARMACHOLOGIC EFFECT

Hypoglycemic drug for oral administration, thiazolidinedione derivative.
Selectively stimulates? -receptors, activated by peroxisome proliferator (PPAR?). PPAR? -receptors are found in tissues that play an important role in the mechanism of action of insulin (fat, skeletal muscle tissue and in the liver). The activation of nuclear PPAR-receptors modulates the transcription of a number of insulin sensitive genes involved in controlling blood glucose concentrations and in the metabolism of lipids. Reducing insulin resistance, increases the consumption of insulin-dependent glucose and reduces the release of glucose from the liver. Reduces the level of TG, increases the concentration of HDL and cholesterol.
Unlike derivatives of sulfonylureas, it does not stimulate insulin secretion.

PHARMACOKINETICS

Suction

After ingestion, absorption is high.
Pioglitazone is found in the blood plasma after 30 minutes. C max in the blood plasma is achieved after 2 hours, after eating - after 3-4 hours.
Distribution and Metabolism

V d is 0.22-1.04 l / kg.
Binding to plasma proteins - 99%.
The plasma concentration of total pioglitazone (pioglitazone with active metabolites) is achieved after 24 hours with a daily single application.
C ss in plasma and pioglitazone and total pioglitazone is achieved after 7 days.
Intensively metabolized by hydroxylation and oxidation.
Metabolites also partially convert to glucuronide or sulfate conjugates. Metabolites M-II and M-IV (derivatives of pioglitazone hydroxide) and M-III (keto derivatives of pioglitazone) exhibit pharmacological activity. The main isoenzymes of cytochrome P450.participating in the hepatic metabolism - CYP2C8 and CYP3A4. Metabolism is also realized with the participation of many other isoenzymes, including mainly the extrahepatic isoenzyme CYP1A1.
Excretion

It is excreted mainly with bile in unchanged form or in the form of metabolites and is removed with feces: kidneys - 15-30% in the form of metabolites and their conjugates.

T 1/2 of pioglitazone and total pioglitazone is 3-7 hours and 16-24 hours, respectively.

INDICATIONS

Diabetes mellitus type 2:

- as a monotherapy;

- in combination with sulfonylurea derivatives, metformin or insulin in those cases where diet, exercise and monotherapy with one of the hypoglycemic agents mentioned above do not allow for adequate glycemic control.

DOSING MODE

The drug is administered orally, 1 time / day (regardless of food intake).

With monotherapy, the dose is 15-30 mg;
the maximum daily dose is 45 mg.
In combination therapy with sulfonylureas or with metformin, treatment with pioglitazone is started with 15 mg or 30 mg (hypoglycemia is decreased by the dose of sulfonylurea or metformin).

When treated in combination with insulin, the initial dose is 15-30 mg / day.
The dose of insulin is kept the same or reduced by 10-25% (in case the patient reports hypoglycemia, or the plasma glucose concentration drops to less than 100 mg / dL).
SIDE EFFECT

From the side of the central nervous system and sensory organs: dizziness, headache, hypoesthesia, insomnia.

From the side of the organ of vision: visual impairment, which is noted primarily at the beginning of therapy and is associated with changes in plasma glucose levels, as with other hypoglycemic agents.

On the part of the respiratory system: pharyngitis, sinusitis.

From the side of metabolism: weight gain, hypoglycemia, increased activity of CK;
with prolonged use for more than 1 year in 6-9% of cases there are edema, mild or moderate, and usually do not require the abolition of therapy.
From the hemopoietic system: a clinically insignificant decrease in hematocrit and hemoglobin, anemia.

From the digestive system: flatulence, increased activity of ALT.

From the musculoskeletal system: arthralgia, myalgia.

Other: rarely - heart failure.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

- Type 1 diabetes mellitus;

- diabetic ketoacidosis;

- Cardiac insufficiency of III-IV functional class (according to NYHA classification);

- severe hepatic insufficiency (increased activity of liver enzymes is 2.5 times higher than UGN);

- Pregnancy;

- the period of lactation (breastfeeding);

- Children under 18 years of age (no clinical studies of the safety and efficacy of pioglitazone in children have been performed);

- Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

With caution should be used in cases of edematous syndrome, anemia, heart failure of I-II functional class, violations of liver function.

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION

The drug is contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding).

APPLICATION FOR VIOLATIONS OF THE FUNCTION OF KIDNEYS

With caution should apply the drug for violations of liver function.
Contraindicated use in severe hepatic insufficiency (increased activity of liver enzymes 2.5 times higher than IGN).
APPLICATION FOR CHILDREN

The drug is contraindicated for use in children under 18 years of age (clinical studies of safety and efficacy of pioglitazone in children have not been performed).

SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS

Patients receiving pioglitazone in combination with insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents have a risk of developing hypoglycemic conditions.

In this case, it may be necessary to reduce the dose of jointly used hypoglycemic drugs.

In patients with insulin resistance and anovulatory cycle in the pre-menopausal period, treatment with thiazolidinediones, including pioglitazone, may cause ovulation.
A consequence of improving the sensitivity of these patients to insulin is the risk of pregnancy if adequate contraceptive methods are not used. When the offensive or planning of pregnancy should stop therapy with pioglitazone.
The use of pioglitazone can cause a decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit.
These changes may be associated with an increase in plasma volume and are not associated with other significant hematologic clinical effects.
In preclinical studies, thiazolidinediones, including pioglitazone, caused an increase in plasma volume and the development of cardiac muscle hypertrophy (due to preload).
In clinical studies, of which patients with heart failure of grade III and IV functional classes (NYHA classification) were excluded, there was no increase in the incidence of serious cardiovascular side effects potentially associated with increased plasma volume (eg, chronic heart failure ).
It is recommended during the therapy with pioglitazone to regularly monitor the activity of hepatic enzymes in the blood.
The ALT content should be determined in all patients before the start of pioglitazone therapy, every 2 months during the first year of treatment and periodically during the subsequent years of taking the drug.Liver function in patients with symptoms suspected of liver failure (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, weakness, anorexia, dark urine) should also be performed. The decision on the possibility of further use of pioglitazone should be based on the indicators of laboratory tests. When jaundice develops, discontinue use of the drug.
Therapy with pioglitazone should not be started in patients with active liver disease, or with an increase in ALT rates more than 2.5 times higher than normal.
In patients with an initial slight increase in ALT (1-2.5 times the norm) or at any time during the treatment with pioglitazone, a check should be conducted to determine the causes of increased activity of liver enzymes. The onset or continuation of pioglitazone therapy in patients with a slight increase in hepatic enzyme activity may be carried out with caution, and it is often necessary to check the activity of hepatic transaminases. If there is an increase in hepatic transaminase activity (ALT> 2.5 times higher than normal), liver enzyme activity should be determined more often until the indices drop to normal and baseline before therapy. If the ALT level is more than 3 times higher than normal, the definition of laboratory tests should be performed as soon as possible. If ALT values ​​remain more than 3 times higher than normal or if the patient has jaundice, pioglitazone should be discontinued.
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and manage mechanisms

There is no data on the effect of pioglitazone on the ability to drive vehicles and other mechanisms.

OVERDOSE

In case of an overdose, appropriate measures should be taken, based on the clinical picture and the laboratory test scores.

DRUG INTERACTION

Pharmacokinetic studies on the combined use of pioglitazone and oral contraceptives have not been conducted.

The use of other thiazolidinediones together with oral contraceptives containing ethinylestradiol or norethindrone was accompanied by a 30% decrease in the concentration of both hormones in the plasma, which can lead to a significant reduction in the contraceptive effect.

Therefore, care should be taken when using pioglitazone and oral contraceptives together.

There are no changes in pharmacokinetics with simultaneous administration with glipizide, digoxin, warfarin, metformin.

In vitro studies it was found that ketoconazole significantly inhibits the metabolism of pioglitazone.
It should be more closely monitor blood glucose levels in patients receiving both pioglitazone and ketoconazole.
TERMS OF RELEASE FROM PHARMACY

The drug is released by prescription.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF STORAGE

The drug should be stored out of reach of children, dry, protected from light at a temperature of no higher than 25 В° C.
Shelf life - 2 years.
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