PIRATSETAM (Pyracetamum). 2-Okso-1- pirrolidinilatsetamid.

     Synonyms : Nootoropil, Piramem, Apagan, Breinox, Cerebropan, Ceretran, Ciclocetam, Cintilan, Dinacel, Dinagen, Encefalux, Eumental, Euvifor, Fortineural, Gabacet, Gericetam, Merapiran, Neutrofin, Noocebril, Noocefal, Nootropil, Normarbrain, Norotrop, Norzetam, Piramem, Piratam, Pirroxil, Pyramem, Stimubral, Stimocartex and others.

     White or almost white crystalline powder. The easily soluble in water, soluble in alcohol; The pH of aqueous 5 0 7 0.

     Piracetam is the main representative group of neuroprotective drugs. Currently synthesized a series of direct analogs and homologs (etiratsetam, oksiratsetam etc.), similar to its actions, but pyracetam continues to be the main product in this group.

     Piracetam well absorbed by ingestion. With the organism enters the different organs and tissues, including brain tissue. Virtually no metabolised. Report the kidneys.

     Piracetam is having a positive effect on metabolism and blood brain. It stimulates the redox processes, increased utilization of glucose in the bloodstream improves regionarny ishemizirovannyh of the brain. The drug increases the body's energy potential by accelerating traffic ATF, increasing adenilattsiklazy and inhibition nucleotide phosphatase. Improving energy processes influenced pyracetam lead to greater stability in the brain tissue hypoxia and toxic effects. There is evidence of increased influenced pyracetam nuclear RNA synthesis in the brain.

     Preparation is very little toxic (in acute experiments on animals lethal dose greater than 10 g / kg in giving vein).

     Curative properties pyracetam determined by its ability to improve the work of Integrative brain contribute to the consolidation of memory, improving the education system, restore and stabilize the damaged brain function.

     Pyracetam applied to adults and children with various diseases of nervous system, particularly those relating to violation of vascular pathology and brain metabolism, including people middle-aged and elderly.

     In neurological practice designate atherosclerosis in the brain, vascular parkinsonizme and other diseases with cerebro-vascular events chronic deficiency manifested in violations of memory, attention, language, nausea, etc., as well as changes in the cerebral circulation, with komatoznyh and subkomatoznyh condition after brain injuries and alcoholic, and during rehabilitation therapy after such states. Pyracetam also applied in cases of the nervous system, leading to lower intellektualnomnesticheskih functions, and violations of emotsionalnoy- determination.

     In psychiatric practice pyracetam use in patients with depressive disorders and astenoadinamicheskimi of different genesis dominated in the clinical picture of adinamii, and Pichinde senesto- ipohondricheskih violations ideatornoy zatormozhenosti events, as well as vyaloapaticheskih defective condition in patients with schizophrenia, with symptoms varying etiology psycho, Senile and atroficheskih processes in the treatment of various mental illnesses. Piracetam is also used as an aid in the treatment of patients with depressive state resistant to antidepressants, as well as the bad Portability Neuroleptics and other psychotropic substances to eliminate or prevent caused by somatovegetativnyh, neurological and psychiatric complications.

     Owing to the improvement of brain functions (integration, cognitive, etc.) pyracetam has been in wide use in gerontology practice. It may be used in the treatment of senile dementsy (including Alzheimer's disease).

     There is evidence of positive effects pyracetam in patients with coronary heart disease in old age and senility. There reinforce antianginalnyh drugs, reducing the need for nitroglycerin, regression of heart failure.

     Drug use in paediatric practice in the various tserebrostenicheskih, entsefalopaticheskih violations, memory disorders, mental deficiency, etc.

     While the usefulness of pyracetam to reduce ischemic events hypoxia and the brain in acute viral CNS.

     Piracetam is also used for edema abstinence, teachers and state delirioznyh with alcoholism and drug addiction, as well as in cases of acute alcohol poisoning, morphine, barbiturates, etc.

     Application pyracetam a package of acute edema events alcoholic abstinence reduces the severity cerebral vascular disorders, reduces headaches, dizziness, a sense of apathy, mood. In chronic alcoholism pyracetam nominate to reduce fatigue phenomena, intellectual mnesticheskih and other violations of mental activity.

     The experimental data pyracetam increases of antidepressants on the combined use can improve their performance.

     In connection with the actions recommended antihypoxic pyracetam in complex treatment of patients with heart attacks.

     Assign pyracetam inside (to food), intramuscularly and intravenously.

     In severe brain diseases komatoznyh condition, the treatment of poisoning, edema abstinence, teachers and delirioznyh conditions or severe complications arising from pharmacological pyracetam applied intramuscularly or intravenously, from 2 to 4 g dose and quickly bringing up to 4 to 6 g / day . Duration of treatment and selection of individual dose in those cases depend on the severity of patients and speed back dynamics clinical disease. After moving to improve the reception of the drug inside.

     When treating chronic conditions usually apply pyracetam inside, starting with 1, 2 g (0.4 g to 3 times daily), and bring dose of up to 2, 4 g, sometimes until 3, 2 g or more per day. Therapeutic effect ztih instances, usually after 2 to 3 weeks from the start of treatment. In a subsequent dose reduced by 1, 2, 1, 6 g (0.4 g 3 - 4 times a day).

     Children pyracetam nominated in the form of tablets or syrup, prepared from granules.

     Pill-coated yellow (for 0.2 g), appointed in the following doses : in the age of 5 to 0.2-g three times a day (up to 0.8 g / day); Yes, of 5 to 16 years 0.4 g three times a day (maximum daily intake - 1, 8 g).

     To prepare syrup in the bank with beads add distilled or boiled water in an amount such that the total amount received syrup was 100 ml (label on the bank).

     Children aged 1 to 5 years are pyracetam dimensional cup 3 times a day in the form of syrup and 10 ml (up to 40 ml / day); 5 to 16 years to 20 ml syrup raea 3 a day. The maximum daily dose of 90 ml of syrup.

     Pyracetam course of treatment lasts from 2 to 3 weeks to 2-6 months.

     If necessary, repeat it in 6 to 8 weeks. Pyracetam treatment can be combined with the use of psychotropic, cardiac and other drugs.

     When treating severe brain injuries pyracetam appoint, in conjunction with other methods dezintoksikatsionnoy and rehabilitation therapy, and treatment Disorders with the state-psychotropic substances.

     Piracetam is usually well. For some patients may phenomenon vozduzhdeniya : irritability, anxiety, sleeping; Diarrhoeal disorders; In patients older sometimes worsening coronary insufficiency. In these cases, should reduce the dose or stop receiving the drug.

     When treating pyracetam (in grains) are possible allergic reactions of individual intolerances as a skin nausea and gastrointestinal disorders. This is due to the large number of sugar in the form of the drug. Children receiving medication to reduce the rate of sugar in 1920 for children from 1 to 5 years of sugar should not exceed 30 g, and for 4-6-year-olds-35 grams a day.

     In addition, it is recommended to delete from diet sweets.

     Application pyracetam contraindicated in acute renal failure in children with diabetes and a history of allergic reactions indication of the use of fruit juices, essences and the like. The drug is not recommended to assign children up to 1 year.

     Method of issuance : capsules, containing 0.4 g pyracetam, in a package of 60 capsules; Tablets of 0,2 g-coated (yellow), in a package of 60 or 120 pieces; 20% solution of 5 ml ampoules ( 1 g of drugs in one ampoule) in a package of 10 pieces.

     Storage : List B. In dry, the dark spot.

     Granules pyracetam for children (Granulae pyracetami pro infantibus) light pink color (permitted burovaty sludge), issued in a package of 56 g (2 g pyracetam, 50 g sugar, and fillers) in the glass banks.

     Proposed number of combined drugs, the basis of which is pyracetam : fezam (Fezam, Bulgaria), contains pyracetam with tsinnarizinom; Orotsetam (Orocetam) - pyracetam with orotovoy acid; Diapiram (Diapiram) - pyracetam with diazepam (sibazonom) and others.

     Diluted fezam 1 capsule contains 0.4 grams piramena (pyracetam) and 0,025 g tsinnarizina. Applied with a chronic lack of cerebral circulation, resulting from atherosclerotic vascular brain, stroke and other forward-Assign 1 - 2 capsules three times a day.

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