METRONIDAZOL (Metronidazolum). 1-(b-Oksietil) -2 - metil-5- nitroimidazol. Synonyms : Ginalgin, Klion, Orvagil, Trihopol, Flagil, Atrivyl, Clont, Efloran, Entizol, Flagyl, Flegyl, Filmet, Gineflavir, Gynalgin, Klion, Metronidazole, Metronil, Orvagil, Trichazol, Trichex, Trichopol, Tricocet, Tricom, Trivasol, Vagimid, Zoacid and others.

     White or slightly greenish crystalline powder. Little is soluble in water, it is difficult to alcohol.

     It has a broad range of actions against the simplest, suppresses the development of Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, lyambly. In recent years, found a high level of metronidazole in obligatnyh anaerobic bacteria (tains and nesporoobrazuyuschih). As aerobic bacteria and fungi drug inactive.

     Tumours well absorbed when administered, into the organs and tissues, passes through the placenta and the blood-brain barrier, accumulating in the liver. The half-8-10 hours Completely out of the body in 1 - 2 d after injection.

     The main output of urine unchanged in the form of metabolites (p Metabolity opening ashivayut urine in asno- to p to p ichnevy color), partly out of Cal.

     Tumours are widely used for the treatment of acute and chronic trichomoniasis in women and men. Is the inside of 0.25 g 2 - 3 times a day for 7 to 10 days. In severe cases, the dose increases in 1-day treatment to 2 g (3 - 4 admission). The total duration of treatment 7 to 10 days.

     Assign also in the following doses : 1-day - at 0.5 g 2 times (every 12 hours), in 2-day - at 0.25 g three times (after 8 h), in the next four days at 0.25 g 2 times (within 12 hours). The total dose at the rate for adult 3, 1975 proglatyvayut pills, not liquid.

     Assign also another pattern : 0.25 g 2 times a day (one pill morning and evening during or after eating) for 10 days; Women also receive inside, designate one evening vaginal candle or vaginal tablets containing 0.5 g metronidazole.

     In most cases, trichomona disappearing men of the urethra in the 1 st day after the start of treatment, and women in the vagina for 2 nd day. To avoid the possibility reinfektsii conducted simultaneous treatment partners. If necessary, repeat the treatment after 4 to 6 weeks.

     Tumours appointed in Giardiasis and amebiaze. Dose for adults : in Giardiasis - 0,25 g (1 tablet) 2 - 3 times a day for 5 days; When amebiaze-adults to 0.25 g 2 - 3 times a day, the children of lower-dose : 2 5 years - 0.25 g / day, for 5 to 10 years - 0,375 grams, from 10 to 15 years - to 0.5 grams per day; take time eating in 1 - 2 admission. Amebiaza Treatment typically lasts 10 days.

     There is evidence of the successful application of metronidazole in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The agent appointed for a period of 7 days for adults 0.2 g 4 times a day; Children 3 to 0.1 grams per day, and then after the 7-day break-in period of 14 days for adults 0.2 g three times a day , the children of 0,1 g 2 times a day.

     Applied also metronidazole for acute ulcerative gingivitis.

     There are also individual performance metronidazole in the treatment of gastric ulcers. When using the drug (0.25 g for 3 times a day for 2 to 3 months), while the normal diet protivoyazvennoy an accelerating scarring ulcer defects, a longer remission periods ulcers.

     There is also effective in treatment of metronidazole pink perioralnogo acne and dermatitis (0.25 g for 2 times a day in a 2 - 3 weeks or more).

     As a means of using antibacterial metronidazole for the treatment of patients with purulent anaerobic Wound infections, anaerobic infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, to prevent anaerobic infection before surgery for ulcers.

     In anaerobic infections appoint or parenteral drug inside. Therapeutic doses when administered to adults and children over 13 years are typically 400-500 mg three times a day (during or after eating); Take 7 days or more. Children under 13 years are designated at the rate of 7 5 mg / kg 3 times a day. If necessary, apply metronidazole also rectally (in the form of candles). Intravenous introduce adults and children over 12 years of 0.5 g per 100 ml at speeds of 5 ml per minute; Children under the age of 12 on July 5 mg / kg in 100 ml at the same speed.

     Oseltamivir appointed to the operation of the gut to 1 g (adults) for the first appointment, then to 200 mg three times a day throughout the day. Once the patient, in anticipation of the operation ceases eating, appointed in preparation for a candlelight 1 g every 8 hours After operations are inside of 200-400 mg three times a day for 7 days.

     Tumours can be combined with sulfanilamidami and antibiotics.

     In applying metronidazole may mark the loss of appetite, dryness and unpleasant taste in the mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, urticaria, itch. This phenomenon is taking place after the end of treatment or removal from the market. A radiation.

     When treating metronidazole sometimes superfluous development fungal vaginal flora (candidiasis), which requires the appointment of antifungal drugs (see Nistatin).

     Contraindications : pregnancy and breast-feeding, blood violations, active central nervous system diseases. During treatment can take alcoholic beverages. Before and during treatment should do blood tests.

     Tumours has the ability to cause sensitization to alcohol, so can be used for the treatment of alcoholics.

     Assign metronidazole patients for alcohol 0,5 - 0,75 g (after eating) for 3 to 4 days. When the patient is a good daily dose can be increased to 1, 5 g and give medication before 10 days. Then again reduce the dose to 0.5, 0.75 and continue treatment for 20 to 25 days. In the process of treating a sample of alcohol (see also special funds for the treatment of alcoholism).

     Tumours are also used to increase the sensitivity of tumors to radiation therapy.

     Method of production : tablets of 0.25 and 0.5 g; Vaginal candles to 0.5 g.

     Abroad, also produces 0.5% injection in bottles of 100 ml and 0.5% solution for infusions of isotonic sodium chloride solution.

     Storage : List B. In the dark spot.

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