Potassium chloride (Kalii chloridum).

     Synonyms : Potassium chloride, Kalium chloratum, Potassium Chloride.

     Clear crystals or a white crystalline powder odourless; Salt to taste. Mg in water (1:3), almost nerastvorim of alcohol.

     Potassium is the major intracellular ion, just as most extracellular sodium ion is. The interaction of these ions are important in maintaining izotonichnosti cells. The content of potassium in human blood serum was about 5, 11 mmol / l. Potassium ions play an important role in regulating the functions of the organism.

     Cardiac muscle responds to the increase in potassium conductance and reduce anxiety. Large doses of oppressing and automatic Oxytocics ability attack. Increased concentration of potassium in the blood 4 times (that feasible only if intravenously) leads to cardiac arrest. Decreasing the amount of potassium in the blood serum increases the risk of development departments in the application of high doses of lapidary; Increasing concentrations of potassium reduces the risk of toxic cardiac glycosides on the heart. As the antagonist cardiac glycosides on the impact on the rhythm of the heart, potassium at the same time not undermining their inotropnomu positive step.

     Potassium is involved in the process of nerve impulses and transmit them to innerviruemye bodies. Introduction of potassium in the body accompanied by an increase of acetylcholine and the initiation of the sympathetic nervous system; When intravenously, an increase of adrenal glands.

     Potassium is also necessary for the reduction of skeletal muscles. It improves muscle decrease in muscle dystrophy, myasthenia.

     Recently, the ability to identify certain drugs affect the flow of potassium ions through the membrane potassium channels and alter the intracellular content of the ions (see Gipotenzivnye funds Minoksidil, Oral antidiabetics drugs).

     Potassium Salt easily imbibed with ingestion and relatively fast the kidneys.

     Like other potassium salt (see Potassium acetate), potassium chloride has a moderate diureticheskoe effect.

     Testimony to the use of potassium chloride are gipokaliemiya (including with the use of gidrohlortiazida and other saluretikov with unstoppable vomiting, diarrhea profuznym etc.), drug intoxication lapidary, adults of different origin (mainly related to the electro violations and absolute or relative gipokaliemiey) , gipokaliemicheskaya of paroxysmal mioplegii [Potassium chloride is a member of several drugs for rehydration therapy (see Solutions "Disol" ... "Kvartasol"). To reduce the side effects gidrohlortiazida, potassium chloride put in some combined antigipertenzivnyh drugs : pills "Adelfan- Ezidreks K" and others).

     Assign potassium chloride inside (after eating) and 1 g 4 - 5-7 times a day to reduce the maximum daily dose for the development of therapeutic effect. In stark expressed manifestations intoxicated drugs lapidary appointed immediately to the reception 5 to 6 g. Is a 10% aqueous solution or dilute powder or tablets of potassium chloride in the half glass of water or fruit juice. After taking food. Admission drug PCP can be disturbing (and even pitting) mucosal gastrointestinal tract. Recommended zapivat kiselem preparation.

     When heavy intoxication requiring rapid removal of pathological phenomena, as well as persistent vomiting, potassium chloride is injected. Applied to this goal 4% solution of the drug in 40% glucose solution. 50 ml include (for isotonic solution) water for injection of 10 (500 ml), and introduce a drip (20 - 30 drops per minute). You can also write intravenous drip at the rate of up to 2, 5 g in 500 ml isotonic sodium chloride solution, or 5% glucose solution.

     Apply potassium chloride (especially intravenous) should be treated with caution. Early signs are parestezii potassium intoxication. On rare occasions, there may be a paradoxical reaction is to increase the number of extrasystoles. When ingestion may have nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea. Following the receipt of drug side effects are. When violations atrioventrikulyarnoy conductivity, potassium chloride should be used with caution; With a total closure of heart medication contraindications.

     The use of potassium chloride is also contraindicated in violation of renal excretory function; In such cases, potassium accumulation in plasma, which could lead to intoxication.

     Toxicity potassium chloride enhanced with adrenal insufficiency.

     Method of issuance : powder; 4% injection of 50 ml ampoules; 10% solution for the reception inside; Tablets of 0.5 and 1 g in a package of 30 pieces.

     When using potassium chloride in the form of pills they must be crushing and dissolve in water [There is evidence of heavy complications occurring in the application of tablets with a special coating to ensure dilution in the gut, not in the stomach; Including the combined pill containing potassium chloride with tiazidnymi diuretikami (gidrohlortiazidom). There stenoses, and the pitting of small bowel perforation. Described as similar complications after receiving poorly soluble drugs potassium chloride. In Russia "kishechnorastvorimye" tablets with potassium chloride not released, but in order to avoid possible complications, it should not apply potassium chloride in the form of conventional tablets; They must be qualified by water.

     The so-called "Kaliy- normin (Ka lium-Normin) in Hungary produced tablets containing 1 g potassium chloride. .

     Storage powder and tablets : in a dry place.

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