ADRENALIN (Adrenalinum). l-1 (3, 4-Dioksifenil) -2 - metilaminoetanol.

     Synonyms : Adnephrine, Adrenamine, Adrenine, Epinephrinum, Epinephrine, Epirenan, Epirinamine, Eppy, Glaucon, Glauconin, Glaukosan, Hypernephrin, Levorenine, Nephridine, Paranephrine, Renostypticin, Styptirenal, Suprarenalin, Suprarenin, Tonogen and others.

     Adrenaline in different organs and tissues, to a large extent formed in hromaffinnoy tissue, especially in brain substances glands.

     Adrenaline used as a medicinal substance from glands butcher cattle tissue or synthetic means.

     Available in the form of adrenaline and adrenaline gidrotartrata hydrochloride.

     Epinephrine hydrochloride (Adrenalini hydrochloridum).

     Synonyms : Adrenalinum hydrochloricum, Epinephrini hydrochloridum, Epinephrine Hydrochloride.

     White or slightly rosy crystalline powder. The changes under the influence of light and oxygen air. For medical use of the form of 0.1% solution (Solutio A dr en lini h to a dro in hloridi 0.1%).

     Solution prepared with the addition of 0,01 said. the solution of hydrochloric acid. Canned hlorobutanolom metabisulfitom and sodium; PH 3, 0, 3, 5.

     Solution colourless, transparent. Solutions can be heat, they are trained in giving conditions.

     Adrenaline gidrotartrat (A drenalini hydrotartras)

     Synonyms : Adrenalinum hydrotartaricum, Er inephrini bitartras, E p inephrine bitartrate.

     White or white with grey shade crystalline powder. It can be easily altered by light and oxygen to the air. The easily soluble in water, low in alcohol.

     Aqueous solutions (pH 3, 0, 4, 0) more upright than solutions via hydrochloride. Sterilize in 100 C for 15 min.

     In action via gidrotartrat no different from adrenaline hydrochloride. Due to the difference in the relative molecular mass (333, 3 from gidrotartrata and 219, a 66 hydrochloride) gidrotartrat apply to a greater dose.

     Step via the introduction of the organism due to the influence of a-and b-adrenoretseptory and in much the same effect excitation sympathetic nerve fibers. 0 n is underwater abdominal, skin and mucous membranes; less big vessels body skeletal musculature. Blood pressure rises. But pressorny via effect on the initiation of b-adrenoreceptor less constant than noradrenalina effect. Changes of heart are complex : stimulating adrenoretseptory heart adrenaline has greatly increased and racing heartbeat; At the same time, however, in connection with reflex changes due to the increase in blood pressure occurs stir center steel nerves, providing a braking effect on the heart; As a result, Heart may slow. There may be heart arrhythmia, particularly in hypoxia.

     Adrenaline causes muscles to relax bronchial and bowel, increased pupil (due to reduced radial muscles iris of adrenergic innervation). Under the influence of adrenaline is an increase of blood glucose and increased tissue exchange. Epinephrine improves the functional capacity skeletal muscle (especially when fatigue); It is similar in this respect to the effect of bringing sympathetic nerve fibers (event open Orbeli L. A. and A. G. Ginetsinskim).

     At CNS adrenaline in dosage expressed influence generally does not have. There may, however, experience a concern, headaches, tremor. Patients who are under the influence of adrenaline parkinsonizmom increasing muscle rigidity and tremor.

     Assign adrenaline under the skin to the muscles and local (on mucous membranes), sometimes introducing vein (drip method); In the case of acute heart stops happened solution via vnutriserdechno. Inside adrenaline is not appointed, as it is destroyed in gastroenteric tract.

     Applied adrenaline in anaphylactic shock, an allergic swelling of the larynx and bronchial asthma (mild acute), allergic reactions developing in the application of medicine (penicillin, serum, etc.) and with all other allergens in giperglikemicheskoy who (with an overdose of insulin).

     Adrenaline is an effective way to remove bronhiolospazma in bronchial asthma. But it is not only adrenoretseptory bronchus (b 2-adrenoretseptory), but the attack adrenoretseptory (b-1 adrenoretseptory), causing tachycardia and increased serdechnog release; Perhaps the deterioration of supply oxygen attack. In addition, in connection with a legal-adrenoreceptor is raising blood pressure '. At bronchi more selective effect than adrenaline have izadrin, ortsiprenalin and others (see).

     Earlier widely used adrenaline to increase blood pressure in the shock and collapse. The current preference for the purpose of drugs, operating on a selective-adrenoretseptory (Levophed, mezaton etc.). Adrenaline has a pronounced effect kardiostimuliruyuschy and efficient with a sharp decline anxiety attack, but its use for this purpose is limited by the ability to arrythmia.

     Adrenaline is the application and development of local sosudosuzhvayuschee funds. Solution adds to mestnoanesteziruyuschim substances to extend their reach and reduce bleeding; Add solution via immediately before use. To stop bleeding sometimes used tampons, adrenaline-soaked solution. In the Eye and otorinolaringologicheskoy practice used adrenaline as sosudosuzhivayuschee (and antiinflammatory) means of drops and ointments.

     Adrenaline as 1 - 2% solution is also used in the treatment of simple forms of open glaucoma. In connection with sosudosuzhivayuschim reduced Secretion of watery mist and lowered inner pressure; But it may also be that the improved drain. Often adrenaline appointed with pilokarpinom. In zakrytougolnoy glaucoma (uzkougolnoy) application via contraindicated, as can develop acute glaucoma attack.

     Therapeutic doses of epinephrine hydrochloride for injecting are usually adult 0.3 - 0.5 - 0.75 ml of 0.1% solution and via gidrotartrata-the same amount of 0.18% solution.

     Children, depending on age impose on 0.1 - 0.5 mL of the solution.

     The highest dose of 0.1% solution of epinephrine hydrochloride and 0.18% solution via gidrotartrata for adults under the skin : single 1 ml, 5 ml daily.

     When applying via have increased blood pressure, tachycardia; You may notice pain in the heart.

     In rhythm irregularities caused by adrenaline, b-designate adrenoblokatory (see Anaprilin).

     Adrenaline is not suitable for hypertension, atherosclerosis expressed, aneurysm, thyrotoxicosis, diabetes, pregnancy. It should not use adrenaline in anaesthesia ftorotanom, tsiklopropanom (in emerging EMS).

     Method of issuance : epinephrine hydrochloride : 0.1% solution in 10 mL bottles on exterior and 0.1% injection (Solutio A drenalini hydrochloridi 0.1% r r on injectionibus) in 1 ml ampoules; Via gidrotartrata : 0.18 % injection of 1 mg ml and 0.18% solution exterior in vials of 10 ml.

     Storage : List B. In cool, the dark spot.

     Rp. : Sol. A drenalini hydrotartratis 0,18% 1 ml

     D.t.d. N. in ampull 6.

     D.S. Under the skin of 0.5 ml (adult)

     Rp. : Sol. A drenalini hydrochloridi 1 ml 0.1%

     D.t.d. N. in ampull 6.

     S. Under the skin of 0.5 ml (adult).

     Under the skin child 5 years of 0.1 ml, 2 times a day

     R p. : S for l. A drenalini hydrotartratis 18% 10 ml

     D.S. Eye drops. At one drop of 3 times a day (at open - glaucoma)

     Rp. : Me ntholi 0.02

     Zinci on xydi 1 0

     S o l. A drenalini hydrochloridi 0.1% gtt. X

     Vaselini 10.0

     M.f. ung.

     D.S. For lubricating mucosal nose

     R p. : S for l. A drenalini hydrochloridi 0.1 ml 10%

     R ilocarpini hydrochloridi 0.1

     M.D.S. Eye drops. On 1 - 2 drops 2 -3 times a day (with glaucoma).

     M and P r h e said, and is a so-called adrenopilokarpin.

     Abroad adrenaline produced in the form of finished dosage forms (eye drops) for ophthalmic practice : inal Er, Er ifrin, E p iglau with n, Glaucon, Glauconin, Glau from san, etc.

     Powerful anti-hypertensive drug, used in open - glaucoma is dipivalat contests.

     Synonyms : Dipivalat rest, Dipivefrin, Diopin e, e Dipivefrin, R r on the pin, T hilodrin, Vistapin and others.

     The drug is a typical "prolekarstvom", which in biotransformation of eye tissues released adrenaline.

     The effect on inner pressure medication more active than adrenaline : 0.05-0.1% solution dipivalata adrenaline is on anti-hypertensive effect of 1 to 2% solution contests. High efficiency dipivalata contests related to its lipophilicity, and the ability to easily penetrate the corneal.

     Applied dipivalat usually via a 0.1% solution of one drop of 2 times a day.

     You can combine with pilokarpina.

     Est. Recently, the view that any increase in blood pressure due to a adrenolina on a 2-adrenoretseptory, lokalizuyuschiesya the inner envelope of the blood vessel wall.

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